[389] This confluence of faiths during the Portuguese colonization of Brazil led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of Brazilian Catholic Church, characterized by traditional Portuguese festivities,[390], Religious pluralism increased during the 20th century,[391] and the Protestant community has grown to include over 22% of the population. Large street protests for and against her took place during the impeachment process. 3947, transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, expanded Brazil's original colonial frontiers, Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil, declaring the country's independence from Portugal, its participation in the battle of the Atlantic, independently in all three spheres of government, naval arms race between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, largest producers of various agricultural commodities, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, So PauloGuarulhos International Airport, List of Brazilian states by population density, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Rio de Janeiro International Film Festivals, Concentration of media ownership Brazil, IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics). [102] Not until 1894, following an economic crisis and a military one, did civilians take power, remaining there until October 1930. [192] Larger mammals include carnivores pumas, jaguars, ocelots, rare bush dogs, and foxes, and herbivores peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, opossums, and armadillos. The Atlantic slave trade was abandoned in 1850,[94] as a result of the British Aberdeen Act, but only in May 1888, after a long process of internal mobilization and debate for an ethical and legal dismantling of slavery in the country, was the institution formally abolished with the approval of the Golden Law. WebBrazil Tourism: Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource. Corcovado - Christ the Redeemer. [419][420] Talian is officially a historic patrimony of Rio Grande do Sul,[421] and two German dialects possess co-official status in a few municipalities. [243] It has built a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping missions such as in Haiti, East Timor and Central African Republic. However, efforts to change this are making impacts. The territory which would become known as Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro lvares Cabral, who claimed the discovered land for the Portuguese Empire. Located in central-eastern part of South America and covering an area of 8.5 million sq.km (3,287,956 sq mi), Brazil is the world's 5th largest country as well as the largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere. Judges and other judicial officials are appointed after passing entry exams.[207]. In martial arts, Brazilians developed Capoeira,[504] Vale tudo,[505] and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. [133] Vargas committed suicide in August 1954 amid a political crisis, after having returned to power by election in 1950. [35], The official Portuguese name of the land, in original Portuguese records, was the "Land of the Holy Cross" (Terra da Santa Cruz),[36] but European sailors and merchants commonly called it the "Land of Brazil" (Terra do Brasil) because of the brazilwood trade. [257], Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states, one federal district, and the 5,570 municipalities. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. For example, criminal and civil laws can be voted by only the federal bicameral Congress and are uniform throughout the country.[16]. [326], Brazil is the world's tenth largest energy consumer with much of its energy coming from renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and ethanol; the Itaipu Dam is the world's largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation,[327] and the country has other large plants like Belo Monte and Tucuru. While there were national film productions during the early 20th century, American films such as Rio the Magnificent were made in Rio de Janeiro to promote tourism in the city. [492][493], The French Artistic Mission arrived in Brazil in 1816 proposing the creation of an art academy modeled after the respected Acadmie des Beaux-Arts, with graduation courses both for artists and craftsmen for activities such as modeling, decorating, carpentry and others and bringing artists like Jean-Baptiste Debret. Digital Television, using the SBTVD standard (based on the Japanese standard ISDB-T), was adopted on 29 June 2006 and launched on 2 November 2007. [34] Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by indigenous peoples (mostly Tupi) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods. [53] Though the first settlement was founded in 1532, colonization effectively began in 1534, when King JohnIII of Portugal divided the territory into the fifteen private and autonomous Captaincy Colonies of Brazil. Brazil is also the longest country in the world, spanning 4,395km (2,731mi) from north to south,[14] and the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn running through it. Frank M. Colby, Allen L. Churchill, Herbert T. Wade & Frank H. Vizetelly; Richard Young, Odile Cisneros "Historical Dictionary of Latin American Literature and Theater" Scare Crow Press 2011, p. 224, 2nd , Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen & Amaya beda de Torres "The Inter-American Court of Human Rights: Case Law and Commentary" Oxford University Press 2011, Georges D. Landau, "The Decision-making Process in Foreign Policy: The Case of Brazil", Center for Strategic and International Studies: Washington DC: March 2003, Abreu, Manuel de, pag. [395], In October 2009, the Brazilian Senate approved and enacted by the President of Brazil in February 2010, an agreement with the Vatican, in which the Legal Statute of the Catholic Church in Brazil is recognized. Before the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese, South American Indians had been living in the region for thousands of years. The pro-Bolsonaro encampments outside army barracks were cleared, and a new round of protests on January 11 never materialized. O Povo Brasileiro, Companhia de Bolso, fourth reprint, 2008 (2008). It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. [67], By the end of the 17th century, sugarcane exports began to decline[68] and the discovery of gold by bandeirantes in the 1690s would become the new backbone of the colony's economy, fostering a Brazilian Gold Rush[69] which attracted thousands of new settlers to Brazil from Portugal and all Portuguese colonies around the world. [14], It spans four time zones; from UTC5 comprising the state of Acre and the westernmost portion of Amazonas, to UTC4 in the western states, to UTC3 in the eastern states (the national time) and UTC2 in the Atlantic islands. [281] In the food industry, Brazil was the second-largest exporter of processed foods in the world in 2019. With its unique cuisine, rich culture, some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, breathtaking waterfalls, and adventure for everyones liking, all you have to do is choose the perfect type of tourism for you and be amazed by the wonders of Brazil. In spite of the name, the style often has a fast and happy rhythm, characterized by virtuosity, improvisation, subtle modulations and full of syncopation and counterpoint. [283] In the footwear industry, Brazil was the fourth-largest producer in 2019. Brazil is the worlds twelfth-largest economy, and the United States is Brazils second-largest trading partner. Brazil is the worlds twelfth-largest economy, and the United States is Brazils second-largest trading partner. [346] Bulk carriers have to wait up to 18 days before being serviced, container ships 36.3 hours on average.[347]. [168] In the early 2020s, Brazil became one of the hardest hit countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, receiving the second-highest death toll worldwide after the United States. [418], There are significant communities of German (mostly the Brazilian Hunsrckisch, a High German language dialect) and Italian (mostly the Talian, a Venetian dialect) origins in the Southern and Southeastern regions, whose ancestors' native languages were carried along to Brazil, and which, still alive there, are influenced by the Portuguese language. [21][22][23][24] Categorised as developing country with a high Human Development Index,[25] Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy,[26] having the twelfth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and ninth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America. [202] Brazil has a strong interest in conservation as its agriculture sector directly depends on its forests. [333][334], Brazilian roads are the primary carriers of freight and passenger traffic. [401][402], Despite all the progress made since the creation of the universal health care system in 1988, there are still several public health problems in Brazil. The indigenous population of Brazil comprised several large indigenous ethnic groups (e.g., the Tupis, Guarans, Gs, and Arawaks). The project was criticized by parliamentarians who understood the end of the secular state with the approval of the agreement. [292][293] Micro and small businesses represent 30% of the country's GDP. Key Facts. Extensive legal and illegal logging destroy forests the size of a small country per year, and with it a diverse series of species through habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. 3. Brazils response to the riots has been swift. [367][373][374][375] The brown population (officially called pardo in Portuguese, also colloquially moreno)[376][377] is a broad category that includes caboclos (assimilated Amerindians in general, and descendants of Whites and Natives), mulatos (descendants of primarily Whites and Afro-Brazilians) and cafuzos (descendants of Afro-Brazilians and Natives). [282] The country was the second-largest producer of pulp in the world and the eighth-largest producer of paper in 2016. This was usually mixed with Brazilian influences from their own heritage which produced a unique form of Brazilian architecture. Uma viso da arquitectura colonial no Brasil [A vision of Colonial Architecture in Brazil] (in Portuguese). The Brazilian electric matrix was composed of: hydraulic energy, 64.9%; biomass, 8.4%; wind energy, 8.6%; solar energy, 1%; natural gas, 9.3%; oil products, 2%; nuclear, 2.5%; coal and derivatives, 3.3%. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. Some sport variations have their origins in Brazil: beach football,[502] futsal (indoor football)[503] and footvolley emerged in Brazil as variations of football. [15] Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. in the 17th and 18th centuries the first dramatists who appeared on the scene of European derivation was for court or private performances. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}10S 52W / 10S 52W / -10; -52. The architect Oscar Niemeyer idealized and built government buildings, churches and civic buildings in the modernist style. The states and the federal district may be grouped into regions: Northern, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast and Southern. [342] The So Paulo Metro was the first underground transit system in Brazil. Freedom of the press disappeared and elections were controlled by those in power. [175] The northwestern parts of the plateau consist of broad, rolling terrain broken by low, rounded hills. [97][98], Although there was no desire among the majority of Brazilians to change the country's form of government,[99] on 15 November 1889, in disagreement with the majority of the Imperial Army officers, as well as with rural and financial elites (for different reasons), the monarchy was overthrown by a military coup. So Paulo/Belo Horizonte: Editora USP/Itatiaia, 1983. The country has about 212 million people. Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: ()), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America.At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Government of Brazil. During the 1960s, the Cinema Novo movement rose to prominence with directors such as Glauber Rocha, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Paulo Cesar Saraceni and Arnaldo Jabor. [404], The Federal Constitution and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education determine that the Union, the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities must manage and organize their respective education systems. Among the most popular destinations are the Amazon Rainforest, beaches and dunes in the Northeast Region, the Pantanal in the Center-West Region, beaches at Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, cultural tourism in Minas Gerais and business trips to So Paulo. [71], Portuguese expeditions known as Bandeiras gradually expanded Brazil's original colonial frontiers in South America to its approximately current borders. [338][339] The country has about 14,000km (8,699mi) of divided highways, 5,000km (3,107mi) only in the State of So Paulo. [489], Brazilian painting emerged in the late 16th century,[491] influenced by Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, Expressionism, Surrealism, Cubism and Abstracionism making it a major art style called Brazilian academic art. Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest country in the world. Corcovado - Christ the Redeemer. [44], Around the time of the Portuguese arrival, the territory of current day Brazil had an estimated indigenous population of 7 million people,[45] mostly semi-nomadic, who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, and migrant agriculture. The 2002 crime film City of God, directed by Fernando Meirelles, was critically acclaimed, scoring 90% on Rotten Tomatoes,[476] being placed in Roger Ebert's Best Films of the Decade list[477] and receiving four Academy Award nominations in 2004, including Best Director. [432] Among other influences, the Portuguese introduced the Portuguese language, Roman Catholicism and colonial architectural styles. [433], Some aspects of Brazilian culture were influenced by the contributions of Italian, German and other European as well as Japanese, Jewish and Arab immigrants who arrived in large numbers in the South and Southeast of Brazil during the 19th and 20th centuries. Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. [16] The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term,[16] with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. 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